Home Matters: Ice Dams

Introduction: What is an Ice Dam?

In the aftermath of a winter storm, melting snow and ice present a common risk known as an ice dam. An ice dam is a ridge of ice that occurs on the edge of a home's roof that prevents melting snow from properly draining. They're caused by a combination of uneven heat loss from your home and wintry conditions refreezing melted snow.

When warm air escapes from your home, it has the potential to melt snow on the roofs surface and then refreeze at the roof's edge, preventing drainage. The more snow and colder temperatures, the greater odds of ice dams forming on your eaves. Critically, as snow continues to melt and refreeze with fluctuating temperatures, the dam continues to grow. Water collects behind the dam as the cycle repeats, causing water damage.

Water and ice damage make up 20% of all homeowners insurance claims.

Preventing Ice Dams

• Keep the attic well ventilated.  According to the Department of Energy, one square foot of free ventilation opening is recommended for every 150 square feet of attic space
• Seal air leaks to prevent warm air leakage from plumbing vents, junction boxes from ceiling fixtures and attic hatches
• Keep the attic floor well insulated (between 16 and 22 inches of insulation) to minimize the amount of heat rising into the attic from below
• Clean leaves and other debris from gutters before the first snow. This will help prevent ice buildup in your gutters.
• Consider using an ice shield under your shingles when your house is getting re-roofed.
• Use a roof rake to clear the snow above the gutter. Clear as much as three to four feet above the gutter to allow water to drain freely into the gutter.
• Consider hiring an energy specialist to evaluate the performance of your home and recommend some things you can do to minimize energy waste.

Ice Dams can weigh hundreds of pounds.

Indications of Ice Dams

• Stained ceilings and walls near the ice dam
• Ice formed around the base of your chimney where it meets the roof
• Dripping water, or stained raftered and insulation in your attic
• Dislodged shingles and drooping gutters.

Watch for Icicles

During cold winter months, the icicles on your home’s eaves may be a sign that a ridge of ice is forming at the edge of the roof. This ridge, also known as an ice dam, can prevent melting snow from draining properly.

If an ice dam forms, sprinkle a melting compound to break it up. Avoid using traditional rock salt, as it may cause further damage and faster deterioration of your gutters. For more household maintenance guidance and homeowners insurance solutions, contact us today.